The Story of an Hour and A Pair of Silk Stockings Essay...

Undecided Course of the Future Realism occurs everyday, one may not know but its the reason why know not everyone gets to live their lives to a happy ending, its the reason why sometimes you cant get everything you want in your life. Realism is the attitude or practice of accepting a situation as it is and being prepared to deal with it accordingly. Realism is a trend which takes place in the nineteenth century during which literature depicted life as is, and focuses on real life. This literary movement frequently depicted everyday life; it follows the rule of a phenomenal world and that nothing is added to your life. It is the reverse job of what a filter would do to all the troubles that one may encounter later in life. Realism is†¦show more content†¦The formal point of the view is that it generally says that not everything ends up the way one hopes and dreams of. Leading in realism, Kate Chopin is an influential writer during the realism philosophical era. She is inferior in her time and age and men at the time were the more dominant figure in society, Kate Chopin changed that. In her short stories for example â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, the main character Louise Mallard’s husband dies due to a train accident. Josephine, Louise’s sister, was the one who broke the news to her. â€Å"when intelligence of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s name leading the lost of â€Å"killed.†Ã¢â‚¬ (Chopin 1) She is in such shock that it paralysis her to accept its significance, and she cried â€Å"at once, with sudden, wild abandonment, in her sister’s arms.†.(Chopin 1) She becomes hesitant to believe it because her husband was the one that always put her on a leash so she wouldnt become overconfident with her freedom. Louise feels that Brently is always in power and controlling her every move and that she lacks the freedom. Louise then goes upstairs to herShow MoreRelatedThe Short Stories Of An Hour And A Pair Of Silk Stockings961 Words   |  4 PagesShort Stories of Kate Chopin The short stories, The Story of an Hour and A Pair of Silk Stockings were both written in the 1800 s. The stories are both written by Kate Chopin, a female author. The period in which these stories were written gave impact on other female writers to produce stories too. The literary devices Chopin uses in both these stories show how educated female writers were at the time. The way the author, Kate Chopin, uses many literary devices in her works, The Story of anRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour And A Pair Of Silk Stockings By Kate Chopin1057 Words   |  5 Pageswritings are often based on the effect that the turn of the century had on women, which she best expresses in her two short stories â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and â€Å"A Pair of Silk Stockings†. In both of the stories previously stated, the author gives the audience just enough background on the main characters, both female, and their trapped everyday life; so that throughout each story, the reader can connect a nd better understand the author’s purpose. By using literary elements, Kate Chopin does an outstandingRead MoreConsequenses of Freedom in The Story of an Hour and A Pair of Silk Stocking by Chopin 942 Words   |  4 Pages In The Story of an Hour and A pair of silk stocking Chopin illustrates how women face the consequences of never acquiring happiness in their lives if they follow the ways society expects them too. In the story of an hour Chopin discuss how getting married can lead you to live a life of anguish. In the beginning of the short story Mrs. Mallard revives terrible news that her husband has been recently killed, she Wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment. This intense reaction is how societyRead MoreHappy Wife, Happy Life1627 Words   |  7 Pagesindulge and take part in niceties, even if it was only to go buy a pair of silk stockings. For over two hundred years in America, women did not have a place in literature, both as major characters and as writers. Kate Chopin was a veritable pioneer for many who suffered this very short, unappealing life as housewives who had no way to voice their concerns, and no one to listen to them. In â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and â€Å"A Pair of Silk Stockings,† Chopin delves into three aspects of being a wife and motherRead MoreEssay on Society vs. Inhibition1235 Words   |  5 Pagesaddress these questions; specifically, the sh ort stories â€Å"A Pair of Silk Stockings† and â€Å"The Story of an Hour† give some feedback on the issues of society versus one’s free will and the consequences of one’s opinions conflicting with the expectations of society. Chopin uses many pressing issues of her era to display how people are punished for rejecting the limiting norms of society in her writings. â€Å"A Pair of Silk Stockings† and â€Å"The Story of an Hour† both deal with a woman’s traditional role asRead MoreDesirees Baby Literary Analysis1989 Words   |  8 PagesKate Chopin’s stories Desirees Baby, The Story of an Hour, At the Cadian Ball, and A Pair of Silk Stockings, were written in the 19th century in times when women had no rights, and had to portray an image of a loving wife. They were considered selfish if they thought otherwise, and their job was to make their husbands happy at all times. This was the century of a turning point for women, in wh ich they had desires test their limits imposed on their sex. Critics of her stories list the analysisRead MoreFeminism And The Advocacy For Equal Rights1563 Words   |  7 Pagesissue with a high relevancy to society today. Kate Chopin was the one of the first feminist American authors, and even if she did not have a direct role in the movement itself, she believed in the core principles of it and wrote feministically in her stories. Kate Chopin’s expressive and realistic style was heavily influenced by her exposure to feminine feelings and experiences throughout her lifetime. Chopin led an average life. From an early age, Chopin was surrounded by many strong, independent womenRead MoreA Brief Note On Kate Chopin s Chopin 1642 Words   |  7 PagesMaddy Mummey Mrs. Corby AP English 12 20 April 2015 Kate Chopin Kate Chopin was a successful author of numerous short stories and novels during her life; many critics refer to her as a forerunner author of the 20th century (Kate). Throughout Chopin s life and the many experiences she endured, she grew a great sense of respect and empowerment towards women. However, she is not categorized as a feminist or a suffragist (Kate). Chopin insistently supported the revolutionary notion that women wereRead MoreFeminism Of The Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin Essay1199 Words   |  5 Pagesor a suffragist, her novel The Awakening, and many of her short stories reflect emerging ideas of feminism. Many of her protagonists are strong women who reject the typical role of a woman during the time period. Her stories tend to focus on women discovering their identity and revolt against social norms. Chopin’s words give a voice to women struggling to find an identity not tied to a man. In Kate Chopin’s Story of an Hour, both ideas of feminism and ideas going against modern feminism areRead MoreThe Storm by Kate Chopin1238 Words   |  5 PagesKate Chopin is writing so many great stories about whatever she sees. Kate has many Wonderful stories such as, (The Storm, Desiree’s Baby, A Pair of Silk Stocking, A Respectable Woman, and The Story of an Hour). There is one story in particular that catches my mind which is â€Å"The Storm†. 0In Kate chopins era, women are seen as nothing more than a wife and have to stay with their husband for life. Chopin shows a dramatic scene between Alcee and Calixta during the time of a storm that is passing by

Discuss Reasons for the Increased Interest in Cognitive...

IDENTITY NUMBER: 10284047 NAME: ERIC OTU BOAKYE COURSE CODE: PSYC 403 COURSE TITLE: HIGHER ORDER COGNITION DATE SUBMITTED: 29th SEPTEMBER, 2011 DISCUSS REASONS FOR THE INCREASED INTEREST IN COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY AND THE DECLINE OF BEHAVIORIST APPROACH ,IN ADDITION DESCRIBE THE FIELD OF COGNITIVE SCIENCE NOTING THE DISCIPLINE THAT ARE INCLUDED IN THE THIS FIELD. Behaviorism also called learning perspective is defined by Wikipedia ‘ as a philosophy of psychology based on the proposition that all things that organisms do-including acting , thinking, and feeling can and should be regarded as behaviors and that psychological disorders are best treated by altering behaviors patterns or modifying†¦show more content†¦With Behaviorism having been in ascendancy in psychology in the American Psychological Association for so long the time was ripe for a revolution. The analysis of early cognitive psychologist (Broadbent, Miller, et al) was rigorous, proactive and opened new intellectual vistas. In real sense proponents of the revolution sought not say Behaviorism is wrong rather the cognitive approach generated adherents at the expense of the established order ,opened new techniques and methods of study and created a fancy that attracted much enthusias m for new research. Noam Chomsky’s work on the field of linguistics now called Cognitive Manifesto caught the attention of world and challenge the wide held behaviorist view. He argued and emphasized on the fact that mental processes is needed in order to understand language. Claiming that it will be inadequate to explain the structures of language in the pair of eyes of a Behaviorist. Consider Humans for instance, we have the ability to master and generate language which contradicts Behaviorist stands of only stimuli responds relations. Most analyst say Cognitive Psychology rose as a result of behavioristic analysis becoming too microscopic in the 1970’s as in most fields as they develop. Behaviorist researchers began studying more and more about less and less according to

Contemporary Developments in the Use PM Application Systems

Question: Discuss about theContemporary Developments in the Use PM Application Systems. Answer: The portfolio management application system is a program that enables an individual to access and analyzes the applications in a portfolio, analyzes the potential transformations, and comprehends the threats and effects of these transformations or changes to the portfolio itself. It PM application system is a discipline and an instrument or a toolset that also allows a CIO to respond to pressures of controlling an application portfolio. Portfolio management system evolved in the late 1990s when companies started inventing and creating inventories of applications, mainly as a source of getting rid of different problems experienced. Over a period, cost data were included, categorization among other things such as business process linkage information to the inventories that offered new understanding into how applications assist or support business operations. Currently, since the use of technology has increased in business, the application inventory procedure and process has also come out as a more focused discipline, with devoted individuals and tools to control and manage it (VOEHL, 2017). Applications have now become a key resource in executing strategy and represented a noteworthy cost and probable risk area. The initial drivers for the portfolio management system were to reduce costs and threats. Extenuating costs and risks are still significant; however, organizations are using the PM application system to drive growth and revenue (Bible Bivins, 2012). This is one of the current developments that most organizations are now putting in place in the use of PM. Similarly, the use of PM application system has changed from being an assessment tool to a tool of transformation where companies have made it a tool for executing strategies for generating profits or revenues. References VOEHL, C. H. R. I. S. T. O. P. H. E. R. F. (2017). EFFECTIVE PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS. S.l.: CRC PRESS. Bible, M. J., Bivins, S. S. (2012). Mastering project portfolio management: A systems approach to achieving stategic objectives. Boca Raton, Fla: J. Ross.

Poes The Raven Essays - Poetry By Edgar Allan Poe, Edgar Allan Poe

Poe's The Raven In Edgar Allan Poe's poems he writes about death and darkness. Throughout his poems, ?The Raven? and ?The Bells?, Poe writes of death, darkness, and evil. Many say he writes about this because of his childhood problems. (Slovey p. 15) As you continue to read, it will show how others feel about his writings and his desire to write about death. In Edgar Allen Poe's poem, The Bells, Poe tells how bells can play a part throughout death and this causes readers to dislike the poem but it also has a positive effect on readers when Poe tells of bells being used as symbols of love. For example, some feel that Poe's desire for death makes the poem less interesting. W.M. Auden tells how the Bells was less interesting but was more successful because the subject is nothing but an excuse for onomatopoeic efforts. Also, some feel that Poe writes about death and darkness because of his drinking problems he had. (Slovey p. 22) Anthony Caputi feels that this poem marks the high tide of Poe's ineffectuality and also bears testimony to his immense gift for poetic conception and thereby confronts us with the peculiar problem of Poe. (Poetry Criticism). In addition, some feel this poem has a sense of good and beauty to it. Floyd Stovall writes how Poe defined poetry as music combined with a pleasurable idea and the poets truth is an excitement of the soul and it is the product of the contemplation of beauty. So in Poe's poem, The Bells, he writes of death and evil but also of good and love that leaves a positive and a negative effect on readers. In Edgar Allen Poe's ,The Raven, Poe uses a sense of darkness and evil throughout the poem by using the black bird as a symbol of evil. Some readers cannot understand how this poem has became so popular considering the evil that was used throughout the poem. Allen Tate says he can add very little to criticism of The Raven written in many passages that are wonders how it can be a great poem and how we have a necessary element like the beautiful dead lost Lenore. Furthermore, others feel the same and how The Raven leaves a lasting impression. Halden Braddy writes: In analyzing The Raven Poe held that the death of a beautiful women is unquestionably the most poetic topic in the world and how a lasting impression one receives in reading his poetry is then he championed beauty and love. Also, some feel that Poe writes of death and evil because of his childhood and how it led him to be an outcast. John Heath-Stubbs writes how Poe likewise was in some respects an outcast from his society and the poet was thought of as an arcane craftsman, a master of magical incantation, and an interpreter of shadowy experience. So, throughout today's society, many feel Poe writes of darkness because of his troubles he has had and he expressed his feelings throughout his poems. Throughout Edgar Allen Poe's life he has written many poems concerning death and darkness which has led his poems to success that created some of his works to be published in many books that give readers a chance to see how Poe used death, evil, and darkness throughout his poems. For example, in The Raven, Poe uses words that gives the reader a feeling of death. ?By the grave and stern decorum of the countenance it wore.? (pg. 183 literature book.) Also, in The Raven, Poe uses a black bird to symbolize evil and darkness. ?Prophet!? said I, ?think of evil - prophet still, if bird or devil!? (pg. 185 literature book.) In conclusion to, In Poe's poem, The Bells, he describes some of the bells as being frightening; a sense of darkness occurs. ?In the silence of the night How we shiver with affright.? (pg. 190 literature book.) So you can see how Poe used darkness and evil to portray a sense of fear and death. Edgar Allen Poe was a man who wrote of what he felt. As he grew up he had many problems. He began to write of death, evil, and

Food in Mexico

Food Cultures and Science in Mexico Mexico is a country located south of North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States, on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean, and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. The country has a moderate climate characterized by low-lying coastal areas and has pleasant summers and mild winters.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Food in Mexico specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The country’s rainy season falls between May and September while the hurricane seasons occur between May and November. The country has 113 million inhabitants and was originally under the reign of Spain. Food availability in Mexico According to GAIN (2010), we can only talk about food security when every single individual has access to food. Although research generally indicates that food availability in Mexico does not present a serious danger, there are places in Mexico where food access has been a real concern. In 2008 for example, close to 20% of the Mexican people could not access food due to lack of sufficient income and this greatly affected productivity (GAIN, 2010). Despite food being available to feed all, access has always been dependent on an individual’s purchasing power. As noted by Gilman (2011), some of the best foods in Mexico are accessed from stalls along the streets and in the market places. Although eating food obtained from the streets may appear strange to some visitors, it is quite normal for an average Mexican. This notwithstanding, Mexicans are content with food obtained from the streets and the market. They are, therefore, not about to stop getting food from these locations (Ochoa, 2001). For many citizens, these foods are fresh and dealers are equally considered healthy and very neat. Restaurant owners are known to conduct their food businesses with so much care and integrity to the delight their customers. In addi tion, most people prefer eating processed foods though they still go after fresh food as has been the tradition from the early days. Locally produced foods include peas, dry beans, walnut, sunflower, sweet pepper, and tomatoes. Mexicans import foods such as honey, dried herbs and mushrooms, roasted coffee, and cheese, to name but a few.Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Staple food, how it is served and what are the common food sources? According to Gilman (2011), the most common food source in Mexico is corn or what is commonly known as maize. It is normally prepared either as flat bread also known as tortilla or as corn stew, usually referred to as pozole. Also available are fruits and vegetables such as green tomatoes, mangoes, papaya, and avocado. These are eaten alongside the main meals. Meat is also obtained from chicken and pigs as well as from breeds of cattle including Corrientes and French Charolais. In their cooking, Mexicans use garlic, chili, almond, clove, and cumin to add flavor to their cookery. This is further improved using various natural ingredients. Other familiar foods are seafood, frijoles or beans, and frijoles refritos or refried beans, and spiced coffee which is made using a mixture of spices. What are the common food preparation methods? In preparing their food, Mexicans tend to use a combination of methods. Deep and stir frying are the most common. Deep frying involves placing the food in a deep pot filled with cooking oil. Among fried foods are dessert puffs and chicken cheese crisp. What spice is commonly used in food preparation? Mexican food is made using spices such as almond, cumin, and chili. As has been mentioned elsewhere in this paper, Mexican food is traditionally made out of maize or corn and beans and is mainly prepared by deep or stir frying. Although many other types of food are available and can be accessed at wi ll, the limitation is usually the purchasing power (Tucker and Buranapin, 2001). What are the main macro and micronutrients and what sources? Different foods contain different nutrients. Macronutrients such as protein and carbohydrates are obtained from corn, pigs, and meat from Corrientes or French Charolais breeds of cattle. Micronutrients on the other hand are obtained through fruits and vegetables such as verdolaga and huazontle. Common fruits include guava, mango, and guanabana. Although most Mexicans have stuck with traditional foods for so long, many people also enjoy eating fast foods which mostly supply carbohydrates and fats. Other foods such as chicken soup are prepared specifically for those the sick. Some people have, however, argued that the preparation of Mexican food depends on what one wants to prepare. The preparation is also tied to the historical origins of the Mexican people.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Food in Mexico specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More What is their food culture and health implication? According to Geddes and Paloma (2000), Mexicans suffer from a number of ailments as a result of their food culture and traditional beliefs that have been carried forward from generation to generation. It is common to come by people dying from illnesses such as cancer, diabetes, and obesity caused by poor eating habits. It is absolutely necessary for people to change their eating habits and drop some of the unhealthy eating practices. Apparently, poverty is also to blame for the bad food culture in Mexico (Long Vargas, 2005). In most cases, lack of money compels average income earners in Mexico to go after unhealthy food stuffs from fast food restaurants. Save for the fact that these foods help to meet their immediate needs, they are responsible for poor health among the Mexicans. What is their way of presenting their food, serving, and table manners? Typically, Mexic ans serve their food hot and eat it using forks, spoons and knives. Food is taken into the mouth in small chunks, chewed, and the swallowed. Also made during meals are tacos which involve wrapping what is to be eaten in a corn tortilla before it can be eaten (Burckhardt, 1996). Generally, Mexicans eat three meals a day though this may vary slightly with others taking four. Desayuno or breakfast in Mexico is any form of food that one can take to start his or her day. While this may be large for people, others prefer lighter meals during this time of the day (Gilman, 2011). Comida, the most important meal on any day, is usually eaten in the afternoon and includes the main dish accompanied with other types of foods. Some Mexicans also enjoy almuerzo, a meal taken slightly later after breakfast. What food education tools are used in Mexico? Mexicans use MyPlate and Food Pyramids to educate people on healthy eating habits (Fox, 1993). Though considered quite abstract by some people, the food pyramid has been hailed for giving a clear indication of the foods in the various categories. MyPlate on the other hand comes with added information allowing consumers to make informed food choices. References Burckhardt, A. (1996). The People of Mexico and Their Food. Mankato, MI: Capstone. Fox, J. (1993). The Politics of Food in Mexico: State Power and Social Mobilization. London: Cornell University Press.Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Geddes, B. Paloma, G. (2000). Lonely Planet World Food: Mexico. Australia: Lonely Planet Publications. Gilman, N. (2011). Good Food in Mexico City: Food Stalls, Fondas and Fine Dining. Bloomington, IN: iUniverse. Global Agricultural Information Network (GAIN). (2010). Food Security and Nutrition in Mexico. Mexico: Global Agricultural Information Network. Long, L. T. Vargas, L. A. (2005). Food Culture in Mexico. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. Ochoa, E. C. (2001). Feeding Mexico: The Political Uses of Food Since 1910. Wilmington, DE: Rowman Littlefield. Tucker, K. L. Buranapin, S. (2001). Nutrition and Aging in Developing Countries. Journal of Nutrition, 131:2417 – 2423. This report on Food in Mexico was written and submitted by user Jacob H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington

Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington Arthur Wellesley was born in Dublin, Ireland in late April or early May 1769, and was the fourth son of Garret Wesley, Earl of Mornington and his wife Anne. Though initially educated locally, Wellesley later attended Eton (1781-1784), before receiving additional schooling in Brussels, Belgium. After a year at the French Royal Academy of Equitation, he returned to England in 1786. As the family was short on funds, Wellesley was encouraged to pursue a military career and was able to use connections to the Duke of Rutland to secure an ensigns commission in the army. Serving as an aide-de-camp to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Wellesley was promoted to lieutenant in 1787. While serving in Ireland, he decided to enter politics and was elected to the Irish House of Commons representing Trim in 1790. Promoted to captain a year later, he fell in love with Kitty Packenham and sought her hand in marriage in 1793. His offer was declined by her family and Wellesley elected to refocus on his career. As such, he first purchased a majors commission in the 33rd Regiment of Foot before buying the lieutenant colonelcy in September 1793. Arthur Wellesleys First Campaigns India In 1794, Wellesleys regiment was ordered to join the Duke of Yorks campaign in Flanders. Part of the French Revolutionary Wars, the campaign was an attempt by coalition forces to invade France. Taking part in the Battle of Boxtel in September, Wellesley was horrified by the campaigns poor leadership and organization. Returning to England in early 1795, he was promoted to colonel a year later. In mid-1796, his regiment received orders to sail for Calcutta, India. Arriving the following February, Wellesley was joined in 1798 by his brother Richard who had been appointed Governor-General of India. With the outbreak of the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War in 1798, Wellesley took part in the campaign to defeat the Sultan of Mysore, Tipu Sultan. Performing well, he played a key role in the victory at the Battle of Seringapatam in April-May, 1799. Serving as the local governor after the British triumph, Wellesley was promoted to brigadier general in 1801. Elevated to major general a year later, he led British forces to victory in the Second Anglo-Maratha War. Honing his skills in the process, he badly defeated the enemy at Assaye, Argaum, and Gawilghur.​ Returning Home For his efforts in India, Wellesley was knighted in September 1804. Returning home in 1805, he took part in the failed Anglo-Russian campaign along the Elbe. Later that year and due to his new status, he was permitted by the Packenhams to marry Kitty. Elected to Parliament from Rye in 1806, he later was made a privy councilor and appointed Chief Secretary for Ireland. Taking part in the British expedition to Denmark in 1807, he led troops to victory at the Battle of Kà ¸ge in August. Promoted to lieutenant general in April 1808, he accepted command of a force intended to attack the Spanish colonies in South America. To Portugal Departing in July 1808, Wellesleys expedition was instead directed to the Iberian Peninsula to aid Portugal. Going ashore, he defeated the French at Rolià §a and Vimeiro in August. After the latter engagement, he was superseded in command by General Sir Hew Dalrymple who concluded the Convention of Sintra with the French. This permitted the defeated army to return to France with their plunder with Royal Navy providing transportation. As a result of this lenient agreement, both Dalrymple and Wellesley were recalled to Britain to face a Court of Enquiry. The Peninsular War Facing the board, Wellesley was cleared as he had only signed the preliminary armistice under orders. Advocating for a return to Portugal, he lobbied the government showing that it was a front on which the British could effectively fight the French. In April 1809, Wellesley arrived at Lisbon and began preparing for new operations. Going on the offensive, he defeated Marshal Jean-de-Dieu Soult at the Second Battle of Porto in May and pressed into Spain to unite with Spanish forces under General Gregorio Garcà ­a de la Cuesta. Defeating a French army at Talavera in July, Wellesley was forced to withdraw when Soult threatened to cut his supply lines to Portugal. Short on supplies and increasingly frustrated by Cuesta, he retreated by into Portuguese territory. In 1810, reinforced French forces under Marshal Andrà © Massà ©na invaded Portugal forcing Wellesley to retreat behind the formidable Lines of Torres Vedras. As Massà ©na was unable to break through the lines a stalemate ensued. After remaining in Portugal for six months, the French were forced to retreat in early 1811 due to sickness and starvation. Advancing from Portugal, Wellesley laid siege to Almeida in April 1811. Advancing to the citys aid, Massà ©na met him at the Battle of Fuentes de Oà ±oro in early May. Winning a strategic victory, Wellesley was promoted to general on July 31. In 1812, he moved against the fortified cities of Ciudad Rodrigo and Badajoz. Storming the former in January, Wellesley secured the latter after a bloody fight in early April. Pushing deeper into Spain, he won a decisive victory over Marshal Auguste Marmont at the Battle of Salamanca in July. Victory in Spain For his triumph, he was made Earl then Marquess of Wellington. Moving on to Burgos, Wellington was unable to take the city and was forced to retreat back to Ciudad Rodrigo that fall when Soult and Marmont united their armies. In 1813, he advanced north of Burgos and switched his supply base to Santander. This move forced the French to abandon Burgos and Madrid. Outflanking the French lines, he crushed the retreating enemy at the Battle of Vitoria on June 21. In recognition of this, he was promoted to field marshal. Pursuing the French, he laid siege to San Sebastin in July and defeated Soult at Pyrenees, Bidassoa and Nivelle. Invading France, Wellington drove Soult back after victories at the Nive and Orthez before hemming the French commander in at Toulouse in early 1814. After bloody fighting, Soult, having learned of Napoleons abdication, agreed to an armistice. The Hundred Days Elevated to Duke of Wellington, he first served as ambassador to France before becoming first plenipotentiary to the Congress of Vienna. With Napoleons escape from Elba and subsequent return to power in February 1815, Wellington raced to Belgium to take command of the Allied army. Clashing with the French at Quatre Bras on June 16, Wellington withdrew to a ridge near Waterloo. Two days later, Wellington and Field Marshal Gebhard von Blà ¼cher decisively defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo. Later Life With the end of the war, Wellington returned to politics as Master-General of the Ordnance in 1819. Eight years later he was made Commander-in-Chief of the British Army. Increasingly influential with the Tories, Wellington became prime minister in 1828. Though staunchly conservative, he advocated for and granted Catholic Emancipation. Increasingly unpopular, his government fell after only two years. He later served as foreign secretary and minister without portfolio in the governments of Robert Peel. Retiring from politics in 1846, he retained his military position until his death. Wellington died at Walmer Castle on September 14, 1852 after suffering a stroke. Following a state funeral, he was buried at St. Pauls Cathedral in London near Britains other hero of the Napoleonic Wars, Vice Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson.

The Cost of Benefiting From Corporate Social Responsibility Essay

The Cost of Benefiting From Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example Because the field is a relatively new effort by business and the effects of their actions are so far reaching, it is necessary to quantify what benefits a company derives from CSR as well as demonstrate to the public the benefit that society gains from it. The cost of CSR, sometimes met with a negative response, needs to be examined with an understanding that the benefits in some cases may be mutual and what may be good for society may also be good for business. Measuring the benefit that CSR has to a company has been complicated by the reluctance of business to embrace the concept and provide reasonable reports and audits. A forthcoming report from St. Andrews University contends that less than 4% of the world's major corporations produce CSR reports, and the results have been characterised by Rob Gray, professor from St. Andrews, as, "at best useless and at worst highly misleading" (qtd. in Edwards, 2006). There are, however, some economic indicators that can be used when comparing companies that have a strong CSR reputation to those that do not. Profits, revenues, customer loyalty, market response, worker safety, and legal liabilities can be examined for the impact they have on a business. Societal benefits that arise from worker and product safety, a clean environment, and ethical practices are readily apparent. However, more intangible benefits may not be as readily quantified, but may be reflected in better company reputation, brand l oyalty, and public perception. When measuring CSR as an overall effect on a company, there is some correlation between good company citizenship and lower profitability. Indicators that can be measured indicate an overall negative effect on top CSR companies and their annual net income growth (Laffer, Coors, & Winegarden, 2004, pg. 5). It may be misleading to infer that market leaders also have the most ambitious CSR programs, for as Laffer, Coors, and Winegarden, 2004, conclude, "It is likely, therefore, that the businesses that are inclined to engage in CSR initiatives tend to be those that are already financially successful and that can afford the added CSR overhead" (pg. 6). Short-term benefits from CSR that are realised by society may take place at the expense of a company's core mission of generating profits. However, when CSR traits are examined on an individual basis, the results may reveal benefits for both the company and society. Worker safety is a paramount consideration for a company with strong CSR traits. The demand of a safe workplace is a mainstay of worker advocates and has, in many cases, been forced upon business through increased regulation. Workers have benefited greatly from these actions as the work environment continues to improve. But has business also reaped rewards from investments in safety Or has safety had a negative effect on profit Alcoa, the world's largest aluminium producer, made a strong commitment to safety in 1987. Since then its accident rate has fallen by 90% and is 10 times better than its industry peers (Jackson & Nelson, 2004). During this same period, Alcoa has been able to outpace the industry and its nearest competitor, Alcan, in both revenue and profitability. Safety contributes to profitability through a